Understand every ayah through Arabic — word by word, root by root
Every root encountered in Al-Fatiha. One root generates dozens of words across the Quran — understanding roots multiplies your vocabulary rapidly.
Tap any word in an ayah to see its meaning, i'rab case, grammatical role, and a plain-English grammar note. Words in terracotta are high-frequency — they appear throughout the Quran.
Dark orange words are the mudaf (first noun of a possessive phrase). Blue words are the mudaf ilayhi. Tap either — both highlight together.
After each ayah — Word Recall shows words shuffled, meanings hidden. Tap to reveal, then mark ✓ or ✗ honestly. I'rab Recall asks you to identify the case from the ending alone. The pattern counter quietly tracks what you have seen across all ayat.
| Case | Arabic | Marker | When |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marfu' (nominative) | مَرْفُوع | Damma ( ُ ) | Subject (mubtada), default imperfect verb |
| Mansub (accusative) | مَنْصُوب | Fatha ( َ ) | Direct object (maf'ul bih) |
| Majrur (genitive) | مَجْرُور | Kasra ( ِ ) | After harf jar, or as mudaf ilayhi |
| Term | Arabic | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Mubtada | مُبْتَدَأ | Subject of a nominal sentence — always marfu' |
| Khabar | خَبَر | Predicate completing the mubtada |
| Mudaf | مُضَاف | First noun in possessive phrase — drops ال and tanwin |
| Mudaf ilayhi | مُضَاف إِلَيْه | Second noun — always majrur |
| Harf jar | حَرْف جَرّ | Preposition (بِ، لِ، عَلَى) — makes next noun majrur |
| Sifah / Na't | صِفَة | Adjective — agrees in case, gender, number, definiteness |
| Maf'ul bih | مَفْعُول بِه | Direct object — always mansub |
| Fi'l amr | فِعْل أَمْر | Imperative (command) verb |
| Fi'l mudari' | فِعْل مُضَارِع | Imperfect verb — marfu' in default state |
| Ism fa'il | اِسْم فَاعِل | Active participle — 'the one doing X' |
| Ism maf'ul | اِسْم مَفْعُول | Passive participle — 'the one upon whom X was done' |
| Badal | بَدَل | Appositive — follows its referent in case |
Scholarly review notice. All grammar rules and reasoning explanations in this app are based on established classical Arabic grammar sources. Each surah is being reviewed by a qualified scholar trained in classical nahw before being treated as final. Where classical grammarians hold different positions, both views are presented. Nothing is invented.
Quranic Arabic Text
Script: Uthmani script · Recitation: Hafs 'an 'Asim — the most widely used riwayah in the Sunni world, used in Saudi Arabia, Egypt and most of the Muslim world.
Primary Grammar Verification
Quranic Arabic Corpus — corpus.quran.com
Built by Dr. Kais Dukes, University of Leeds. Every word in the Quran annotated with its part of speech, i'rab case, grammatical role, and morphological features. Peer-reviewed and used by Islamic universities worldwide. This is the primary reference for every word-level annotation in this app. You can verify any word directly: go to Word by Word, select the surah and ayah, and click any word to see its exact analysis.
Classical Arabic Grammar Sources
Al-Ajurrumiyyah — Ibn Ajurrum (1273–1323)
archive.org/details/al_ajurrumiyyah
The foundational classical Arabic grammar text taught in Islamic schools worldwide for 700 years. Covers the basic rules of i'rab, idafa, harf jar, and the three cases. The rules of majrur, mudaf, and harf jar cited in this app are all grounded in this text. Free PDF and English explanation available at the link above.
A Commentary on Al-Ajurrumiyyah — English PDF
mclportal.com — Free download
A clear English explanation of Al-Ajurrumiyyah's rules chapter by chapter. Particularly useful for verifying the harf jar rules (Chapter on Majrurat al-Asma), idafa rules, and sifah agreement without needing to read classical Arabic.
Alfiyyah Ibn Malik — Ibn Malik (1203–1274)
archive.org/details/alfiyyah-ibn-maalik
The most authoritative classical Arabic grammar text — 1,000 verses covering every grammatical rule exhaustively. Used in Islamic universities across the world. The verses on idafa (v.14–18), na't agreement (v.405–412), and taqdim wal-ta'khir (v.105) are directly relevant to the reasoning explanations in this app. Arabic text, free PDF.
Commentary on Al-Alfiyyah by Ibn 'Aqil — Library of Congress
loc.gov/item/2021666267
The most widely studied commentary on the Alfiyyah. Ibn 'Aqil (1294–1367) explains each verse of the Alfiyyah in detail. Both al-Alfiya and this commentary are standard texts in the traditional Islamic curriculum. Held at the Library of Congress, free to access.
Classical Quranic Grammar Commentaries
The following scholars are cited in the Grammar Reasoning section of this app for specific grammatical views on words in Al-Fatiha. These are classical works in Arabic:
Ibn Hisham — Mughni al-Labib (مغني اللبيب). The most comprehensive classical Arabic syntax reference, covering disputed grammatical positions including the badal/sifah analysis of رَبِّ and مَلِكِ in Al-Fatiha.
Al-Ukbari — I'rab al-Quran (إعراب القرآن). A word-by-word grammatical analysis of the entire Quran using traditional i'rab methodology. Directly verifiable against the Corpus annotations.
Al-Zamakhshari — Al-Kashshaf (الكشاف). The most celebrated rhetorical and grammatical tafsir of the Quran. Used for the analysis of إِيَّاكَ and the taqdim wal-ta'khir discussion in ayah 5.
Al-Tabari — Jami' al-Bayan (جامع البيان). The earliest and most comprehensive classical tafsir. Used for the ism fa'il / ism maf'ul distinction in ayah 7.
Ibn Kathir — Tafsir al-Quran al-Azim (تفسير القرآن العظيم). Widely used Sunni tafsir, cited for the theological significance of the active/passive participle distinction in ayah 7.
Translation Reference
Dr. Mustafa Khattab — The Clear Quran. Cross-referenced with Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Both available at quran.com.
How to Verify a Word
1. Go to corpus.quran.com/wordbyword.jsp
2. Select the Surah number and Ayah number
3. Click any word — its full i'rab, case, role and morphological annotation appears
4. The annotation format used in this app (majrur, mudaf, sifah etc.) maps directly to the Corpus labels
5. For the reasoning rules, cross-reference the relevant chapter in the English Commentary on Al-Ajurrumiyyah